Naveen Thomas
The release landscape · 2018—17 Oct 2026

A new era.
One release at a time.

Explore the models that shaped the LLM landscape. Trace releases across companies, follow model families, and go straight to the original announcements.

—Release entries
—Companies
09Release years
Updated through todayCoverage through 17 Oct 2026, country review completed today. Broad, source-linked catalogue of model launches and notable variants; community fine-tunes and every checkpoint are not exhaustively indexed.
Watch the story

The changing pace of AI

60 seconds · reviewed 790-entry snapshot · country rankings, release pace, UK spotlight and all 47 publisher countries.

1:00 · Landscape 1920 × 1080 · Silent with on-screen text

Updated after the country review: 790 catalogue milestones, 130 organisations and 47 publisher countries, plus international collaborations. The film retains fast early-year pacing, a top-country summary and the UK spotlight.

Snapshot: 17 October 2026. This film does not change with filters or imported data. Entries include announcements, research reports, previews and later availability events; they are not a count of unique released base models or national market shares. Each entry uses the publisher’s first listed country once. Three international collaboration entries are outside country rankings, leaving 787 country-assigned entries; 2026 is year-to-date. Coverage remains representative and unresolved candidates remain.

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Explore the underlying releases ↓
Filter together by company, country, openness, family and year. Default: all years.

Country refers to the company or research organisation’s home base. Cohere is listed under Canada and the United States. Countries do not indicate model language or where it was trained.

Open source, open weights or closed? Read the labels

Open source · full release: evidence of model weights, training code and data/data information. Open weights: downloadable weights; full training openness is not established. Permissive and restrictive licences both appear here. Closed weights: weights are not distributed publicly, even when a free chat/API is offered. Weights pending / Not verified: no confirmed public weight artefact for that record.

Labels describe artefacts checked on 17 October 2026, separately from access at launch. A later weight release can change the label without changing the historical date. These are editorial evidence labels, not OSI certification. Licence details, where reviewed, have a separate source; otherwise they explicitly say not reviewed. Open Source AI Definition ↗

Openness totals across the entire catalogue · select a category to filter

The release timeline

Select a milestone to explore its source and launch context.
◇ Full open release · ○ Open weights · ■ Closed · ◌ Pending / unverified. Position shows the recorded date; month-only records use a first-of-month anchor.Scroll horizontally to travel through time →

Release index

Country-by-country coverage review

790 catalogue milestones · 130 organisations · 47 publisher countries, plus international collaborations · through 17 October 2026. This review added 70 entries. Announcements, research reports, previews and public releases remain separately labelled.

64-country checklist, plus international collaborations: verified additions, retained coverage from earlier publisher reviews, and unresolved candidates are distinguished below. Country means publisher home base, not model language. Cross-border contributors are explained in each record.

Coverage limits: this is a broad, representative catalogue, not an exhaustive worldwide census. The earlier two-zero-pass result applied to narrower source sets and is superseded by these geographic additions. Outstanding candidates remain visible; no claim that all omissions are resolved is made.

Latest review: 70 additions; 790 catalogue milestones; 64 countries screened. Unresolved candidates remain. These totals are not unique-model counts.

Open the country checklist and unresolved candidates

65 countries / consortium categories

CountryReview resultEvidence & remaining work
ArgentinaInfrastructure / regional collaboration only
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		No independently dated Argentina-publisher model verified in this screening. Infrastructure investment and regional LatamGPT participation are not local model releases.
Source 1
AustraliaCandidate unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		Matilda assistant beta does not by itself establish a separately identified foundation-model release; CSIRO medical VLM candidate needs checkpoint/date verification.
Source 1
AustriaVerified additions
+1 · 1 catalogue entries		NXAI xLSTM 7B report and public weights verified; Austrian publisher location checked separately.
Source 1
BangladeshPublisher attribution corrected
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		TigerLLM included under United States: lead publisher George Mason University. No claim that Bangladesh has no other models.
Source 1
BrazilVerified additions
+2 · 3 catalogue entries		Initial Sabiá and Sabiá 3 reports added. Sabiá 2/3.1 chronology remains unresolved.
Source 1 · Source 2
BulgariaVerified additions
+5 · 5 catalogue entries		BgGPT and MamayLM added under Sofia-based INSAIT. Ukrainian language does not move MamayLM to Ukraine.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3 · Source 4
CanadaVerified additions
+2 · 13 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
ChileChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		LatamGPT corrected to announcement / experimental service: official FAQ does not confirm a base-model release date.
Source 1
ChinaVerified additions
+3 · 208 catalogue entries		Huawei and Baichuan gaps partly filled. Baichuan initial/3/4 and Yuan release chronology still need primary date reconciliation; this is not complete coverage of Chinese fine-tunes.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3 · Source 4
Czech RepublicVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
DenmarkVerified additions
+1 · 3 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
EgyptChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1
EstoniaChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		Llammas model-card leaderboard update is not treated as another model release.
Source 1
EthiopiaCandidate unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		EthioNLP generative models need exact release dates and publisher-country verification; encoder-only models are outside this catalogue.
Source 1
FinlandVerified additions
+2 · 3 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
FranceVerified additions
+2 · 49 catalogue entries		Luminous is German, while Lucie and CroissantLLM added here. AtlasChat remains attributed to the Paris-based publishing team, rather than Morocco merely for Darija.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3 · Source 4
GermanyVerified additions
+1 · 3 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
GhanaCandidate unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		ABENA BERT is an encoder; Khaya application does not alone establish a dated distinct generative-model release.
Source 1
GreeceVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
HungaryCandidate unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		PULI GPT-3SX public model identified, but original release date not established.
Source 1
IndiaVerified additions
+1 · 6 catalogue entries		Sarvam-1 added. OpenHathi and BharatGen Param1 original release dates still need reconciliation; report and government-review dates are not automatically release dates.
Source 1 · Source 2
IndonesiaVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
International collaborationVerified additions
+2 · 3 catalogue entries		BLOOM retained; EuroLLM consortium added without assigning all multilingual collaborations to one country.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
IranCandidate unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		Dorna / PersianMind candidates need publisher location and first release date verification. Persian language alone is insufficient.
Source 1
IsraelChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 11 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
ItalyVerified additions
+1 · 3 catalogue entries		Minerva 7B added. Italia 9B and later ChatMinerva model-versus-service chronology require further reconciliation.
Source 1 · Source 2
JapanVerified additions
+7 · 14 catalogue entries		Rakuten, NEC and PLaMo gaps filled. PLaMo Foundry entry is platform availability, not original model creation. Earlier Rakuten 7B date remains to reconcile.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3 · Source 4 · Source 5
KazakhstanChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		KazLLM public weights retain noncommercial CC BY-NC restrictions. Open weights do not mean unrestricted open source.
Source 1
KenyaDevelopment plan, not verified release
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		National AI roadmap and Swahili language support do not independently establish a dated Kenya-publisher LLM release.
Source 1
LatviaVerified additions
+2 · 3 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
LithuaniaVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
MalaysiaVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		ILMU launch verified; exact public-weight availability and licence remain unverified.
Source 1 · Source 2
MexicoInconclusive screening
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		No independently verified dated local-publisher release added. Colibri search hits included an unrelated inference engine; no claim that no Mexican models exist.
Source 1
MoroccoPublisher attribution unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		AtlasChat already attributed to its Paris publishing team. GemMaroc remains a local-publisher attribution/date candidate.
Source 1
NepalInconclusive screening
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		Language research identified, but no distinct named generative model with a verified publisher and release date was established in this screening.
Source 1
NetherlandsChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		GPT-NL code release and restricted model access distinguished. Open code alone does not prove publicly released model weights.
Source 1
New ZealandNo verified addition
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		Speech/pronunciation tools do not establish a new LLM release; SinLlama has New Zealand collaborators but a Sri Lankan lead institution.
Source 1
NigeriaChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		NATLAS announcement date corrected from article publication day to the preceding day explicitly described by the ministry.
Source 1
NorwayChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		NorMistral and NorwAI follow-up candidates remain; no new dated model inferred from an undated landing page.
Source 1
PakistanCandidate unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		Qalb identified, but creator nationality, publisher location and first release date remain to reconcile; no country assigned from nationality alone.
Source 1
PolandVerified additions
+2 · 3 catalogue entries		Bielik initial and Minitron research reports added. Earlier initial weights and intervening Bielik versions remain to date precisely.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
PortugalVerified additions
+1 · 3 catalogue entries		Gervásio added. EuroLLM is included under International because of its multinational consortium. TowerLLM history and Unbabel country attribution need more work.
Source 1 · Source 2
QatarVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
RomaniaVerified additions
+4 · 4 catalogue entries		Four named OpenLLM-Ro family releases dated using the official project history. Quantisations are not counted as separate model families.
Source 1
RussiaChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 12 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
RwandaDevelopment plan, not verified release
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		Kinyarwanda model development described; a named dated public release was not established.
Source 1
Saudi ArabiaVerified additions
+1 · 5 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
SingaporeVerified additions
+1 · 14 catalogue entries		MERaLiON 2.0 announcement added. Initial MERaLiON and exact public-checkpoint timing remain to verify.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
SloveniaVerified additions
+1 · 1 catalogue entries		GaMS DPO Translator report added. Earlier general GaMS launch date still unresolved; a presentation invitation is not proof of completed release.
Source 1
South AfricaChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1
South KoreaVerified additions
+6 · 33 catalogue entries		Kanana, EXAONE 2.0 and Gauss 2 added. KT Mi:dm, NCSOFT VARCO and original HyperCLOVA X launch dates remain follow-up candidates.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3 · Source 4 · Source 5
SpainChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 2 catalogue entries		ALIA 40B instruct candidate found. A version suffix or recent model-card update is not sufficient proof of first release date.
Source 1 · Source 2
Sri LankaVerified additions
+1 · 1 catalogue entries		SinLlama attributed to lead University of Moratuwa; international collaborators are acknowledged, not reassigned by language.
Source 1
SwedenVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
SwitzerlandVerified additions
+1 · 3 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
TaiwanVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
ThailandVerified additions
+1 · 4 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3
TunisiaCandidate unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		Elyadata speech releases do not establish a separate dated generative text-model release in this review.
Source 1
TurkeyVerified additions
+1 · 2 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2
UkrainePublisher attribution corrected
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		MamayLM is Ukrainian-targeted but published by Bulgaria-based INSAIT. National LLM development plans are not counted as completed releases.
Source 1
United Arab EmiratesVerified additions
+2 · 17 catalogue entries		Country/publisher discovery search reviewed. Existing coverage retained; no new date-qualified entry verified in this pass. This is not a fresh verification of every existing row or proof of complete national coverage.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3 · Source 4
United KingdomChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 11 catalogue entries		Caernarfon 3B and Lumen Scout checkpoints verified, but original publication dates remain unresolved. GB1 is an assistant app; Lumen Sovereign remains an announcement/development milestone.
Source 1 · Source 2
United StatesVerified additions
+10 · 350 catalogue entries		SmolVLM, CodeGen, XGen, Orca and TigerLLM gaps filled. TigerLLM lead publisher is George Mason University, despite its Bengali language focus.
Source 1 · Source 2 · Source 3 · Source 4 · Source 5
UzbekistanDevelopment / candidate unresolved
+0 · 0 catalogue entries		Government platform plans and Uzbek benchmarks do not establish a dated released model.
Source 1
VietnamChecked; no new dated addition
+0 · 1 catalogue entries		PhoGPT 4B checkpoints exist; original version-specific upload dates remain unresolved. Latest repository update is not used as first release.
Source 1

Counts are release milestones, not unique base models. Open weights does not imply full open source. Model-specific licences may remain unreviewed. Month-only evidence is labelled; its first-of-month timeline anchor is not an exact release day.

Coverage, date conventions & extending the dataset

What is included?

Date precision: month-only histories show the month explicitly. Their stored YYYY-MM-01 value positions them on the timeline and is not an exact launch day. Set datePrecision: "month" when extending the JSON; omit it for exact dates.

This expanded edition covers June 2018 through 17 October 2026. It includes general-purpose, multimodal, reasoning and coding language models, plus selected historical research milestones. Coverage is broad across the listed companies, but not a provably exhaustive census of every LLM ever published. Community fine-tunes, quantisations, embeddings, pure image/video/speech generators and most dated snapshots are outside scope. This edition adds an explicit coverage audit above. Some family-level rows group sizes; important named variants have individual entries. Announcement and GA milestones may both appear for the same model. Counts are release records, not unique base models. Announcement-only records are explicitly labelled; the date does not imply public access. New releases from today may continue to appear after the time of this research.

How to read the dates

Each date follows the linked first-party announcement or release document. “Release” means access began in at least one stated channel, sometimes with eligibility restrictions; “Preview”, “Beta” and “Experimental” identify limited launch stages. “Announcement” does not imply general availability. Dates follow the publisher’s calendar date, without timezone conversion. Open weights does not imply unrestricted licensing.

Every entry links to an official source. Short descriptions are editorial summaries, not independently tested performance claims. Research checked on 17 October 2026; this file does not update itself.

Bring your own releases

The single HTML file contains its dataset in the <script id="release-data" type="application/json"> block. Add a record there to extend the file permanently. Company and country filters, families, years, counts and timeline bounds are generated automatically.

Each record needs id (unique), company, family, name, date (YYYY-MM-DD), stage, access, summary, note, and source (HTTPS official URL). Use a specific launch stage and explain any availability caveat in the note. Optional fields: openness (open-source, open-weights, closed, pending, unverified), license, licenseUrl, opennessSource, opennessNote, opennessChecked. Country fields: countries (array of country names; multiple home bases allowed), optional countrySource (HTTPS), countryNote and countryChecked. Omitted country metadata is shown as Not specified. Omitted openness is shown as Not verified; no licence is inferred for imported records.

Import replaces the dataset for this session only. Export includes the full active dataset, regardless of filters. To retain imported records, replace the embedded JSON block with the exported array. Imported content is displayed as text; links must use HTTPS. Verify imported sources yourself.